Impact of Science & Technology On Environment

Environmental Education for Quality Enhancement of Sustainable Development

STAGES OF CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS

STAGES OF CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS

Dimensions	Physical Development	Cognitive Development	Social Development	Emotional Development	Moral Development	Educational Implications
Infancy Period (From Birth to 5 yrs)	Body wt – 6 pounds Height – 18 inches Head – 1\4th of the body 2 yrs – Milk teeth 5 yrs – Permanent teeth Rapid growth – Bones, muscles, arteries, veins, glands etc Stomach – tubular shaped Requires more food – energy 5 yrs – head size less, body size more 5 yrs – size - 5 times more than the birth	Process of Growth – Sensation, Perception, Conception. More Questioning attitude Rote memory Creative attitude – not good No good time sense Make believe (Fantasy)	Dependence of the child Self-assertion Selfish and unsocial After 3 yrs - Social attitude improves I feeling to we feeling	Cry Sensitive to strong stimulation from outside Later – learns difference between pain and pleasure 6 months – fear, jealousy, disgust, anger, etc 1 year – sympathy, love, co-operation, social approach etc	Fails to think of good and bad Behaves instinctively Learns by repetition Period of dependence and instinctive behaviour	Wooden blocks Play materials Adequate freedom Feel secure Curious Plastic age or formative age Play Hear stories and see multi-coloured pictures

STAGES OF CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS

Dimensions	Physical Development	Cognitive Development	Social Development	Emotional Development	Moral Development	Educational Implications
Childhood Period (From 6 yrs to 12 yrs)	Growth of bones and muscles – steady and continuous Permanent teeth begins Height and weight grows Motor activities Sex antagonism Boys – dominant, adventure, excursion, playing games Girls – tender and soft, skipping, badminton etc. Gang age	Faster rate Think independently and automatically Explore new things Restless Become scientific and objective Interested to discuss and interact with others Seeks guidance	Independent Likes to live with the gang Explore the world Take part in all social activities Finds satisfaction in the achievements of success Develop his personality in various fields of life	Control emotions Oedipus Complex Electra Complex Hide feelings Emotional stability Complexes and sentiments	Desires to form right complexes and sentiments Quest for knowledge and new things Resourceful Follow the path of great persons ad elders Wants to know what is right and bad Teacher must help	1.Proper physical development 2.Provision for extra-mural activities 3.Provision for excursions and scouting 4.Planning proper social development 5.Proper emotional outlet 6.Developing the creative instinct 7.Moral training 8.Learning through self-activity

STAGES OF CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS

Dimensions	Physical Development	Cognitive Development	Social Development	Emotional Development	Moral Development	Educational Implications
Adolescence Period (From 13 yrs to 18 yrs)	Maximum development – all the organs Self-conscious Puberty period Sexual development - 1.Self love - Narcism 2.Homo-sexual 3.Hetero-sexual	Flourished Critical power of observation Logical reasoning Standard sense Imagination Objective and scientific Study nature Day dreaming Hero worship Scientists, poets and philosophers emulate – guided properly	Member of the peer group Spend more time with friends Generation gap Hetero-sexual interest Maintain his prestige Self-sufficient and independent Swinging moods Craves for social recognition and autonomy Idealistic Atheistic or frustrated	Joy and happiness Anxiety and tensions Moody High emotional instability	Dreams for creation of ideal society Aim to serve society Talks about God, Heaven, meaning of life, the question of death etc	1.Training for physical development 2.Proper mental development 3.Proper emotional development 4.Knowledge about social relations 5.Developing a philosophy of life 6.Religious and moral education 7.Sex education 8.Pre-vocational education 9.Use of dynamic methods of teaching 10.Guidance 11.Apply adult standard of behaviour 12.Due to responsibility