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STAGES OF CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS
STAGES OF CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS
Dimensions
|
Physical
Development
|
Cognitive Development
|
Social Development
|
Emotional Development
|
Moral Development
|
Educational Implications
|
Infancy Period
(From Birth to
5 yrs)
|
Body wt – 6 pounds
Height – 18 inches
Head – 1\4th of the body
2 yrs – Milk teeth
5 yrs – Permanent teeth
Rapid growth – Bones, muscles, arteries, veins,
glands etc
Stomach – tubular shaped
Requires more food – energy
5 yrs – head size less, body size more
5 yrs – size - 5 times more than the birth
|
Process of Growth – Sensation, Perception,
Conception.
More Questioning attitude
Rote memory
Creative attitude – not good
No good time sense
Make believe (Fantasy)
|
Dependence of the child
Self-assertion
Selfish and unsocial
After 3 yrs - Social attitude improves
I feeling to we feeling
|
Cry
Sensitive to strong stimulation from outside
Later – learns difference between pain and
pleasure
6 months – fear, jealousy, disgust, anger, etc
1 year – sympathy, love, co-operation, social
approach etc
|
Fails to think of good and bad
Behaves instinctively
Learns by repetition
Period of dependence and instinctive behaviour
|
Wooden blocks
Play materials
Adequate freedom
Feel secure
Curious
Plastic age or formative age
Play
Hear stories and see multi-coloured pictures
|
STAGES OF CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS
Dimensions
|
Physical
Development
|
Cognitive Development
|
Social Development
|
Emotional Development
|
Moral Development
|
Educational Implications
|
Childhood Period
(From 6 yrs to 12 yrs)
|
Growth of bones and muscles – steady and
continuous
Permanent teeth begins
Height and weight grows
Motor activities
Sex antagonism
Boys – dominant, adventure, excursion, playing
games
Girls – tender and soft, skipping, badminton etc.
Gang age
|
Faster rate
Think independently and automatically
Explore new things
Restless
Become scientific and objective
Interested to discuss and interact with others
Seeks guidance
|
Independent
Likes to live with the gang
Explore the world
Take part in all social activities
Finds satisfaction in the achievements of success
Develop his personality in various fields of life
|
Control emotions
Oedipus Complex
Electra Complex
Hide feelings
Emotional stability
Complexes and sentiments
|
Desires to form right complexes and sentiments
Quest for knowledge and new things
Resourceful
Follow the path of great persons ad elders
Wants to know what is right and bad
Teacher must help
|
1.Proper physical development
2.Provision for extra-mural activities
3.Provision for excursions and scouting
4.Planning proper social development
5.Proper emotional outlet
6.Developing the creative instinct
7.Moral training
8.Learning through self-activity
|
STAGES OF CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS
Dimensions
|
Physical
Development
|
Cognitive Development
|
Social Development
|
Emotional Development
|
Moral Development
|
Educational Implications
|
Adolescence Period
(From 13 yrs to 18 yrs)
|
Maximum development – all the organs
Self-conscious
Puberty period
Sexual development -
1.Self love - Narcism
2.Homo-sexual
3.Hetero-sexual
|
Flourished
Critical power of observation
Logical reasoning
Standard sense
Imagination
Objective and scientific
Study nature
Day dreaming
Hero worship
Scientists, poets and philosophers emulate –
guided properly
|
Member of the peer group
Spend more time with friends
Generation gap
Hetero-sexual interest
Maintain his prestige
Self-sufficient and independent
Swinging moods
Craves for social recognition and autonomy
Idealistic
Atheistic or frustrated
|
Joy and happiness Anxiety and tensions
Moody
High emotional instability
|
Dreams for creation of ideal society
Aim to serve society
Talks about God, Heaven, meaning of life, the
question of death etc
|
1.Training for physical development
2.Proper mental development
3.Proper emotional development
4.Knowledge about social relations
5.Developing a philosophy of life
6.Religious and moral education
7.Sex education
8.Pre-vocational education
9.Use of dynamic methods of teaching
10.Guidance
11.Apply adult standard of behaviour
12.Due to responsibility
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